Three Processes are Identification, Authentication, and Authorization. What is the correct sequence?

Three Processes are Identification, Authentication, and Authorization. What is the correct sequence?

• A. Evaluation, Verification, Authorization
• B. Identification, Authentication, and Authorization
• C. Identification, Authentication, and Permissions
• D. Obtaining, Verifying, Access

Answer: (B)

Access control follows a logical flow from claiming an identity to confirming it and then enforcing what that identity is allowed to do. The first step is identification, where a user presents who they are (such as a username or user account). The next step is authentication, where the system verifies that claim using credentials or factors (passwords, tokens, biometrics) to confirm the user really is who they claimed. Only after identity is verified does the system perform authorization, deciding what resources or actions the user is permitted to access based on policies, roles, or permissions. This order is essential because you can’t grant permissions or access rights until you know who the user is and have confirmed their identity. The other wordings don’t reflect this standard progression: “Evaluation” isn’t a typical authentication/authorization stage, and “Permissions” is the outcome of authorization rather than the act of authorizing. “Obtaining, Verifying, Access” describes a rough idea but doesn’t map to the established terms for the three steps.

Access control follows a logical flow from claiming an identity to confirming it and then enforcing what that identity is allowed to do. The first step is identification, where a user presents who they are (such as a username or user account). The next step is authentication, where the system verifies that claim using credentials or factors (passwords, tokens, biometrics) to confirm the user really is who they claimed. Only after identity is verified does the system perform authorization, deciding what resources or actions the user is permitted to access based on policies, roles, or permissions.

This order is essential because you can’t grant permissions or access rights until you know who the user is and have confirmed their identity. The other wordings don’t reflect this standard progression: “Evaluation” isn’t a typical authentication/authorization stage, and “Permissions” is the outcome of authorization rather than the act of authorizing. “Obtaining, Verifying, Access” describes a rough idea but doesn’t map to the established terms for the three steps.