What term means unable to deny the action?

What term means unable to deny the action?

• A. Access Control
• B. Non-repudiation
• C. Authentication
• D. Threats Over a Network

Answer: (B)

Non-repudiation means that once an action is taken, its origin and details can be proven and the actor cannot plausibly deny having performed it. In security practice, this is achieved by binding a user or entity to the action with evidence such as digital signatures (signing data with a private key that others can verify with a public key) and tamper-evident logs or timestamps. This creates an auditable trail that can be used in disputes or legal contexts to show who did what and when. That makes it the best fit for “unable to deny the action.” Access control is about restricting who can access resources, authentication is about proving identity, and threats over a network refer to potential risks rather than proving actions.

Non-repudiation means that once an action is taken, its origin and details can be proven and the actor cannot plausibly deny having performed it. In security practice, this is achieved by binding a user or entity to the action with evidence such as digital signatures (signing data with a private key that others can verify with a public key) and tamper-evident logs or timestamps. This creates an auditable trail that can be used in disputes or legal contexts to show who did what and when. That makes it the best fit for “unable to deny the action.” Access control is about restricting who can access resources, authentication is about proving identity, and threats over a network refer to potential risks rather than proving actions.